Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Craftsmanship - Essay Example The sort of imaginative articulation that exudes from a specific culture additionally rotates around communicating the way of life and public activity and thoughts that are harbored by a gathering. Hence, social and social qualities and thoughts assume a persuasive job in affecting the creative articulation of individuals (Boughton and Mason, 1999). The idea of progress is as old as humanity, yet it was not until the Greeks that development came to be figured it out. It is difficult to make reference to human advancement without referencing the Greeks. As old as Greeks may be, they framed the premise of human advancement through building up a culture that challenged the chances around then. The Greek thought of progress had its underlying foundations on the philosophical idea and a created culture that not just fulfilled the people’s need to adjust to the earth yet additionally made some time for extension and spread of human advancement. Note that the Greek human progress didn't grow from legislative issues yet rather from the social qualities and thoughts. It was these social qualities that have had an extensive and enduring impact in expressions of the human experience world, which is experienced to date. Religion was a significant power that impacted the manner in which individuals lived and communicated through craft smanship. Greek strict components are as yet perceptible in current religions like Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Greeks had a large group of divine beings and goddesses, which impacted the kind of craftsmanship that existed during the time. Be that as it may, religion additionally pulled in another questionable part of Greeks’ social qualities and thoughts. Theory among the Greeks was exceptionally evolved (Woodford, 1982). Greek thinkers like Socrates and Plato created discerning thoughts regarding presence of divine beings and created different types of request. Greeks likewise created different types of rationalistic reasoning. Their musings are communicated in science and

IRAQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

IRAQ - Essay Example It has aâ spanâ of 437,072 km2. The Northern part is rugged with the most elevated point being Cheekah Dar, which is 3,611m. Idaho is half its’ size. The capital city of Iraq is Baghdad different urban areas incorporate; Mosul, Basrah, Kirkuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah. Iraq’s terrain is characterisedâ byâ broadâ plains, reedy bogs in the south and mountainousâ landscapeâ in the north. It ismostly dry and hot since it is a desert. The Iraq’s complete populace as at April 2009â was estimatedâ to be 31.2 million. As indicated by Central Intelligence Agency, 75% of the Iraq populace involves Arabs. Thisâ is followedâ by Kurds who are 15-20%, and keeping in mind that others incorporate just 5% (Cotter, 2011). Iraq has a government that characterized by the constitution as Islamic, administrative, equitable, andâ parliamentaryâ and republic (Cotter, 2011). This administration has three branches, the official, legal executive and council. The administration hasâ manyâ independentâ commissions. There are zones in Iraq that has governorates separated from the government. A few locale have purview with respect to someâ lawfulâ matters. The governorates in Iraq are eighteen andâ are dividedâ into areas. Iraqi Kurdistan is aâ regionâ thatâ is legitimately definedâ having semi official state army and its own administration. In 2005, Iraq passed another constitution by 78% larger part casting a ballot for it. The new constitution got greatestâ supportâ from Shia and Kurdish people group (Cotter, 2011). Oil is the best supporter of Iraq’s economy. It gives the vast majority of the remote trade profit to Iraq. The economy of Iraq sufferedâ extensiveâ losses because of the war and lost near US$100 billion. After the war, oil sends out have massively expanded new pipelinesâ were built, and harmed offices reestablished. Low oil costs, expenses of development and war obligations reimbursements made Iraq sufferâ immenseâ financial emergency (Tripp, 2007). Iraq got an obligation help that should have been

Landscapes and Human Awareness of Identity in Brooklyn - Literature Essay Samples

The deliberate manipulation of textual form enables composers to showcase how an individual and social group’s awareness of identity is manufactured and shaped by their prevailing landscape. Colm Toibin’s bildungsroman novel Brooklyn (2009) exploits characterisation and form to detail the experiences of Irish immigrant, Eilis Lacey, as she interacts and navigates her primary landscapes of Enniscorthy and Brooklyn. Toibin deliberately imbues Eilis’ characterisation at the novel’s outset with passivity and acquiescence to demonstrate the stultifying effect of her conservative Enniscorthy environment. Furthermore, Toibin imbues the novel with parallel settings across Enniscorthy and Brooklyn to highlight how the vast dichotomy in societal identity stems from influences in the predominant landscape. Therefore, authorial choices regarding characterisation and form enable Toibin to showcase the reciprocal relationship between landscape and an awareness of the id entities of both individuals and social groups. Characterisation is a key vehicle through which composers communicate the impacts of the prevailing landscape upon an individual’s awareness of self. Toibin uses characterisation to frame Eilis as deliberately passive observer, a product of her stultifying upbringing in Enniscorthy. Opening the novel with an image of Eilis â€Å"sitting at the window†, Toibin describes her as she â€Å"noticed her sister† and â€Å"looked on silently†. These verbs, â€Å"noticed† and â€Å"looked on†, carry acquiescent, passive connotations, reflective of the static familiarity of her prevailing landscape of Enniscorthy. Initially, Eilis’ identity is centred upon her Irish upbringing, as she envisages herself â€Å"having the same friends and neighbours, the same routines in the same streets†. Anaphora of â€Å"same† Repetition of â€Å"same† allows Toibin to demonstrate that Eilis’ identity is largely based on the repetitiv e familiarity of her Enniscorthy lifestyle. The stultifying effects of her landscape impact severely upon her personal growth, as she thinks that the arrangements to go to America â€Å"would be better if they were for someone else, something the same age and size†. Toibin uses the conditional, â€Å"if†, to demonstrate that Eilis’ impending departure from Enniscorthy has brought an awareness of the inextricable link between her hometown and her identity. (ß Develop this point) Toibin features a shift in characterisation to further strengthen the link between place and identity as Eilis in Liverpool finds herself using â€Å"a tone Rose might have used†¦a tone used by a woman in full possession of herself†. She openly acknowledges that this â€Å"was not something she could have done† in Enniscorthy, with high modality tone highlighting her awareness of the shift in identity that accompanies her shift in landscape. Therefore Toibin’s manipulation of characterisation demonstrates the awareness of identity that arises upon Eilis’ habitation and departure from Enniscorthy. A composer’s deliberate manipulation of structure is a powerful tool for conveying how a self-perpetuating awareness of national identity stems from interactions between social groups and their predominant landscape. Imbuing Parts I and II with parallel settings of Miss Kelly’s shop and Bartocci’s, Toibin distinguishes Enniscorthy’s insularity and Brooklyn’s dynamism to highlight the comprehension of identity that stems from daily interactions with and within a landscape. Acting upon an awareness Enniscorthy’s classist social identity, Miss Kelly comments that â€Å"anyone who is anyone† shops at her store and reserves the best items â€Å"only for special customers†. Through such dialogue, Toibin intentionally presents her as the embodiment of Enniscorthy’s insularity and bigotry. In contrast, Miss Fortini makes the declarative statement that â€Å"we treat everyone the same†, indicative of the collective toleranc e and progressiveness that arises from living in a culturally diverse Brooklyn. Toibin dubs Miss Kelly’s shop assistant her â€Å"little slave†, a servitude metaphor highlighting Miss Kelly as a conscious perpetrator of Enniscorthy’s rigid class systems. Contrastingly after Miss Fortini states to Eilis her terms of employment, she asks, â€Å"Is that a deal?† This rhetorical question is a conscious offer of cooperation, an equality of opportunity extended in Brooklyn but not a socially immobile Enniscorthy. Miss Kelly curtly instructs Eilis to â€Å"be off with you now† upon the disclosure of her impending emigration, imperative demonstrating her intolerance for self-improvement. However, Miss Bartocci tells Eilis, â€Å"We encourage all staff to do night-classes†, her inclusive tone demonstrating that self-improvement is encouraged in Brooklyn, stemming from an awareness of the ideals espoused by the ‘American Dream’. Therefore parallel settings across Enniscorthy and Brooklyn, acting as a foil for one another, demonstrate how collective interactions with and within a prevailing landscape shape and perpetuate an awareness of the identity of entire social groups. Therefore, a culmination of authorial choices regarding characterisation and form in Brooklyn enables Colm Toibin to showcase the understanding of individual and societal identity that arises through interactions that occur throughout Eilis’ contrasting experiences of Enniscorthy and Brooklyn. Perhaps in using landscapes as a lens through which to scrutinise the protagonist’s transformation of self and place, Toibin is encourage audiences themselves to develop an awareness of how their own identity is shaped by their prevailing landscape.

Multicultural Concerns in Marriage and Family Therapy...

Multicultural concerns in marriage and family therapy: Asian-Americans Family counseling is not a value-neutral process. The counselor must be attenuated to the cultural assumptions of the family he or she is counseling, particularly if the family is from a culture different from his or her own. Asian-Americans have often been underserved by family counselors. This may be partially because therapy is not an ingrained and accepted part of many traditional Asian-American cultures. Particularly amongst members of an older generation who did not grow up in the United States, the assumption may be that entering into counseling is tantamount to being insane, being disloyal to ones family, being incompetent, or having weak will power...Therefore, it is very important for a counselor to be empathetic with clients in their discomfort, especially at the initial stage of treatment (Yea Sun et al 2005). Engaging with such discomfort rather than ignoring it is essential, lest the counselor be perceived as insensitive to the needs of the client. Other factors that can impede effective counseling of Asian-Americans include an internalization of the model minority myth, which views Asians as not needing additional support and counseling, as well as underrepresentation of Asian-Americans in the counseling profession as a whole. Of course, it is important to note that every family is unique, and different family members may perceive their culture in different ways, based upon theirShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Issues in the Helping Profession Essay3828 Words   |  16 Pagescultures. In this new era we live in, interracial marriages and relationships are becoming more customary than forty years ago. When the immigration policy changed allowing more Asians and Hispanics into the United States, the flood gates opened for interracial marriages between Asians and Whites and Hispanics and non-Hispanics (Rosenfeld). Nevertheless, interracial marriages continue to bring up significant disputes, especially marriages between blacks and whites. There are white people whoRead MoreSchool Guidance Counseling Group: When Parents Divorce Essay example2671 Words   |  11 Pagespsychological, social, behavioral and academic issues (Amato, 2000; Amato, 2001). Amato and Keith (1991) studied the welfare of children of divorce compared with that of children whose parents are still married to each other. Children from divorced families scored considerably lower on a range of outcomes and it was shown that these problems can persist into adulthood. Given the high rate of divorce and the negative effects it has on our youth, the implementation of effective prevention programs hasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Le ft Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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A major change is the shift ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesThree Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I? 190Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesespecially like to thank Kim Norbuta, Claudia Fernandes, Kelly Warsak, and Judy Leale of Prentice Hall; and Sharon Anderson of BookMasters for her expert assistance with this edition. 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Management Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management

When spectators see amazing skyscrapers or maybe a beautiful building, the first thing that they might think about would probably be how that building makes them feel and why it makes them feel a certain way. They might stop and think to themselves â€Å"man I wonder how much money went into this building†. Rarely, when people think about the people that sat in a conference room, at an oval shaped table for hours trying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. Management analysist are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, important documents, and hold important business conferences. Informing candidates about the educational requirements to be a successful management analysis, the daily job responsibilities they also have to encounter, and also ways for job advancement, such as a certified c onsultant programs. First thing first would be to learn about all of the educational requirements needed to be a successful consultant. â€Å"Entry-level management analyst positions, often in the public sector, are available to those holding at least a bachelor’s degree† (Be a Management Analyst). The minimum requirement to be a management analyst is a bachelor’s degree in any field but a business related field could be helpful when entering this field. After gaining a bachelor’s degree, others might choose to furtherShow MoreRelatedManagement Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management1449 Words   |  6 Pagestrying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. These people are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, they handle any important documents, and hold imp ortant business conferences. Informing candidates about the educational requirement to be a successful management analysis, the daily job responsibilities they also have to encounterRead MoreThe Importance Of A Quantity Surveyor, By The Royal Institute Of Chartered Surveyors1733 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry are utilised to the best advantage of society by providing inter alia the financial management for projects and a cost consultancy service to client and designer during the entirety of the construction process.† Quite simply, the role of a quantity surveyor is to measure, cost, document and quantify materials and labour resources required to complete construction projects against which contractors can submit priced tenders. â€Å"†¦A quantity surveyor is professionally trained, qualified andRead MoreComponents Of Integrated Project Delivery1383 Words   |  6 Pagescoordination’s, and business systems, and the way they interact with the specialties of the participants, in turn producing fluidity within the design and a highly effective final product. The main players within IPD are owners, architect, contractors, designers, sub-contractors, consultants and suppliers. Collaboration is key within Integrated Project Delivery (4). In order to create this type of building structure all parties involved must be willing to collaborate. When this happens the resultRead MoreThe Contract Administration Practices Between Turkey And United States1176 Words   |  5 Pagesrequisitions and payments, monitoring contract relationship, addressing contract-related problems, incorporating necessary changes or modifications in the contract, ensuring both parties meet each other s expectations, and interacting with the contractor to achieve the contract s objectives (Hinze, 2000). However, the actual contract administration practices differ between countries as influenced by various factors including socioeconomic status and cultural values. Comparing contract administrationRead MoreBuilding Information Modeling ( Bim )854 Words   |  4 Pagesmaintain diverse physical infrastructures, from water, wastewater, electricity, gas, refuse and communication utilities to roads, bridges and ports, from houses, apartments, schools and shops to offices, factories, warehouses and prisons .It helps architects ,engineers and constructors to visualize what is to be built in a stimulated environment and to identify potential design, construction and operational problems. In this paper, ways BIM is used is being used in construction industry , the futureRead MoreThe Responsibilities Of Each Of The Below Professions1543 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction; Within this report will be explanations of the responsibilities of each of the below professions: ïÆ'Ëœ Architect ïÆ'Ëœ Architectural Design Technologist ïÆ'Ëœ Quantity Surveyor(Commonly known as a QS) ïÆ'Ëœ Building Information Modelling Coordinator/Manager ïÆ'Ëœ Building Services Manager ïÆ'Ëœ Project/Construction Manager ïÆ'Ëœ Structural Engineer ïÆ'Ëœ Surveyor With the explanation of their responsibilities there will also be information which explains what their role/job is and what they do. I will also be goingRead MoreCommunity Architecture : Architecture And Architecture1695 Words   |  7 Pagesarchitectural practice between architects and users. Also, it can be described as architect follow the wish of users or community to design the building fit the requirement by using local materials and helps the residents to build the structure. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) described ‘Community Architecture’ should follow the idea about The aim of community architecture is to improve the quality of the environment by involving people in the design and management of the buildings and spacesRead MoreProject Proposal : Nike Inc.1354 Words   |  6 Pagesadditional floors. Currently, there are twenty employees and four out of the twenty employees handle the IT part of the corporation. Nike operates domestically and has connections overseas. Majority of the shoes are manufactured by an independent contractor that is located overseas. Nike is identified by its Swoosh logo. Consistent innovation and promotion are what has fueled the company’s growth so far. 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This includes reviewing project plans, accepting formal deliverables such as Quality Assurance Plans, Project Management Plans, Risk Management Plans, Test Plans, and Training Plans. Review contractor invoices for accuracy and completeness, and monitor contract balances to ensure there are no Management Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management When spectators see amazing sky scrapers or maybe a beautiful building, the first thing that they might think about would probably be how that building makes them feel and why it makes them feel a certain way. They might stop and think to themselves â€Å"man I wonder how much money went into this building†. Rarely when do people think about the people that sat in a conference room, at an oval shaped table for hours trying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. These people are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, they handle any important documents, and hold important†¦show more content†¦The minimum requirement to be a management analyst is a bachelor’s degree in any field but a business related field could be helpful when entering this field. After gaining a bachelorâ €™s degree, others might choose to further their education by getting a master’s degree or getting certified as a management consultant. Having this extra education can change the job possibilities a candidate might encounter. â€Å"This program provides a frame-work for the development of a full and well-rounded mastery of analytic skills for the management (or program) analyst, and commitment to self-improvement† (Certificate of Accomplishment). For those that take a certified course in graduate school increase their knowledge and gain experience about being a management consultant. When taking a course, it informs you about the work place and it also teaches about management analysis more in detail. This information is important for any person interested in obtaining information about the business management field. Meeting the right requirements is the first step in becoming an awesome management consultant, the second step would be to acknowledge what some of t he main job tasks are. Some job responsibilities a management analysis encounters on a daily basis would be to coordinate business events and prepare and legal/non-legal documents needed for upcoming company projects. â€Å"Plans, organizes, and coordinates various projects,

Work Experience free essay sample

In one way or another, all people work for the ultimate purpose of seeking a better life. My first job has taught me many lessons by introducing me to numerous situations that whether I liked it or not, gave me a taste of the real world. As most teenagers, my thoughts revolved around money. I was eager to see how quickly my money tree would grow and was curious to know how much I could buy with my very own, hard-earned money. Never would I have imagined that it would pay me in more ways than money, but with a much appreciated long-term life experience. Okay, so I’m working at the local Subway. You and everyone you know can call me a sandwich genius. I am on my feet the entire time I’m working, catering to the customers’ needs, and providing what I consider the utmost best customer service possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I greet each and every person with my 100 watt smile without fail, and seconds later the phrase, â€Å"how may I help you?† rolls off of my tongue without thought. Granted, I am only making minimum wage and I am fully aware that by asking what type of sub everyone must have to fulfill their needs is neither furthering my education nor helping me write this essay; however, working has exposed me to many experiences and responsibilities that I value more than any amount of money. The amount of responsibility I am constantly faced with can be overwhelming. This aspect of the job, though may seem small, has forced me to become comfortable in situations where there is high pressure, quick decision making, and people are obviously watching and judging me. The traits that I have gained during my first job experience will continue to help and follow me throughout the rest of my life as I seek a future career. Applying to Subway was just a means to my spending habit, but now I consider it just a mere and yet still significant stepping stone to the path towards my future.

Philippine Presidents free essay sample

The  Philippines officially known as the  Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia  in the  western Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is a constitutional republic with a  presidential system  of government. It is governed as a  unitary state  with the exception of the  Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao  which is largely free from the national government. The  President of the Philippines  is the  head of state  governing the country. According to the Philippine government, the office has been held by politicians who were inaugurated as  President of the Philippines  following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the  Philippines Philippine Presidents, which are locally known as Ang Pangulo, are the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Philippine Presidents serve a term of six years in office. The President of the Philippines heads the Executive Branch of the government that includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The President of the Philippines is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Philippines has undergone many transitions in the government from the First Philippine Republic going to the Fifth Philippine Republic. Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under United States sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II The country has had a total of fifteen Philippine Presidents. Below is the list of the Presidents of the Philippines. The  judicial  power is vested in the  Supreme Court, composed of a  Chief Justice  as its presiding officer and fourteen  associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the  Judicial and Bar Council. There have been attempts to change the government to a  federal,  unicameral, or  parliamentary government  since the Ramos administration. In order to become informed participants in a democracy, students must learn about the women and men who make decisions concerning their lives, their country, and the world. The president of the Philippines is one such leader. As a nation, we place no greater responsibility on any one individual than we do on the president. Through these lessons, students learn about the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine president and their own roles as citizens of a democracy. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo . Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. The president appoints, with consent of the Commission on Appointments, members of the Constitutional Commissions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in the President in the 1987 Constitution. The members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. These appointments do not need the consent of the Commission on Appointments. 1 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 2 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 3 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. General Emilio F. Aguinaldo. First President of the Republic of the Philippines. Aguinaldo’s presidential term formally began in 1898 and ended on April 1, 1901, when he took an oath of allegiance to the United States a week after his capture in Palanan, Isabela. His term also featured the setting up of the Malolos Republic, which has its own Congress, Constitution, and national and local officialdom proving Filipinos also had the capacity to build. Aguinaldo is best remembered for the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. Manuel L. Quezon. First of the Philippine Presidents of the Commonwealth. He won the elections held in September 1935 to choose the head of the Commonwealth Government. It was a government made possible by the Tydings-McDuffie Law, which Quezon secured from the U. S. Quezon’s term (1935 1944), though chiefly known for making Pilipino the national language, tried to solve nagging problems inherited from the Spanish and American administrations. The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the Japanese invasion of 1941. Quezon and his government were forced to go into exile in the U. S. He died on August 1, 1944, in New York. Jose P. Laurel. President of the Second Republic of the Philippines. He was elected by the National Assembly as President of the Republic on September 25, 1943 and inducted on October 14, 1943. This unicameral assembly was created through the sponsorship of the Japanese authorities. Sergio Osmena. Second President of the Philippine Commonwealth. He was elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1935 and succeeded Quezon to the Presidency in-exile. Manuel A. Roxas. Last of the Philippine Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth. First President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He won the elections by a slim margin. He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U. S. government granted political independence to its colony. The short-lived Roxas administration (1946 1948) embarked on a course that resulted in what were considered as his greatest achievements, namely: the ratification of the Bell Trade Act; the inclusion of the Parity Amendment in the Constitution; and the signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. Roxas was not able to complete his presidential term; he died from a heart attack at Clark Air base on April 15, 1948. Elpidio Quirino. Second President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. Being the Vice President, he took over the Presidency after Roxas’ death. And, he managed to retain the position after winning over Laurel in the infamous fraud-tainted 1949 elections. The Quirino administration (1948 1953) focused on two objectives: 1) to regain faith and confidence in the government; and 2) to restore peace and order. He was more successful in the second objective – breaking the back of the Hukbalahap Movement in Central Luzon. Ramon Magsaysay. Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He was largely famous for his success in the peace campaign. He defeated Quirino in the 1953 presidential elections by an unprecedented margin of votes. Many regard Magsaysay as one of the Philippine Presidents whose heart truly bled for the common man. He toured the barrios, opened up Malacanang to the public, solicited and acted upon their complaints, built artesian wells and roads. He had Congress pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954, providing greater protection to tenants. Death came to Magsaysay when his plane crashed at Mount Pinatubo in the early morning of March 17, 1957. Carlos P. Garcia. Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines He presided over the eight months of Magsaysay’s remaining term and went on to win the 1957 elections, â€Å"the noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history. † Garcia’s administration (1957 1961) was anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost economic independence. Diosdado Macapagal. Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Garcia in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961. Mapacagal – who styled himself as the â€Å"poor boy† from Lubao (Pampanga) – completed pre-law and Associate in Arts at UP; however, he was a law graduate of the University of Santo Tomas. Macapagal’s administration (1961 1965) is best remembered for resetting the date of the celebration of Philippine Independence Day – from July 4 when the U. S. turned over the reins of government in 1946 to the more correct date of June 12 when Aguinaldo declared independence in 1898. Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sixth and last President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Macapagal in the 1965 presidential elections. And the two-decade era of Marcos (1965 1986) began. Marcos entered politics with an eye to eventually capturing the presidency. In his maiden campaign in 1949, he said: â€Å"Elect me your congressman now and I’ll give you an Ilokano President in 20 years. † He won that election and was returned thrice to Congress as Ilocos Norte’s congressman. In 1959, he was elected to the Philippine Senate and in 1963, he became its president. Completing the presidential term in 1969, he won a reelection . In 1972, he declared martial law. The rest, as the most infamous of Philippine Presidents is history. Corazon C. Aquino. First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. First Woman among Philippine Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines. President from 1986 to 1992, she is associated with the EDSA Revolt. She refused to run for reelection in the 1992 presidential elections; but instead endorsed and worked very hard for her chosen candidate – Fidel V. Ramos. Fidel V. Ramos. Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. He was the military hero of the February 1986 Philippine People Power Revolution and victor of the first multiparty presidential elections in 1992, thus becoming the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines. Joseph M. Estrada. Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. As vice president, Estrada headed an anticrime commission from 1992 to 1997. In 1998 Estrada won the Philippine presidential elections. In October 2000 he became mired in a corruption scandal, however, and the House of Representatives impeached him in November. Estrada was forced from power on January 20. That day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant, effectively ousting Estrada from office, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in as president. Gloria M. Arroyo. Fourth of the Philippine Presidents of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. She is the incumbent President. She replaced deposed president Joseph Estrada midway through his six-year term. She is the 14th president of the republic and the second woman to hold the office. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino II   also known as  Noynoy Aquino  or  PNoy , is a  Filipino  politician who has been the  15th  and current  President of the Philippines  since June 2010. 3][5][6] Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather,  Servillano Mianong Aquino, served as a  delegate  to the  Malolos Congress;[7]  his grandfather,  Benigno Aquino, Sr. , served as  Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives  from 1943 to 1944;[8]  and his parents were Preside nt  Corazon Aquino  and Senator  Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the  Liberal Party. [9]  In the  Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President forLuzon. Aquino is currently the  Chairman  of the Liberal Party The line of Philippine Presidents is considered to be continuous in spite of many changes in  constitutions  and forms of government. While  Emilio Aguinaldo  is traditionally considered to be the first, and youngest ever, Philippine president, the revolutionary  Republica Filipina, formed after the  Philippine revolution, was not recognized by other states at that time (although it is now considered to be the first Southeast Asian republic). Following the  Philippine-American War, the United States created the  Philippine Commonwealth, supposed to be a transitional government in preparation for full independence. Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Commonwealth and the first Philippine President elected into office, was considered by the United States to be the first Philippine President of the first Philippine Republic. At one point, the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments at the same time. This occurred during  World War II, when Japan occupied the country. One president was  Manuel L. Quezon  heading the  Commonwealth  government-in-exile in America(considered  de jure) and the other was  J. P. Laurel, who had been instructed by Quezon to remain in Manila, heading the Japanese-sponsored republic (considered  de facto). Laurel, however, was not formally recognized as a Philippine president until the  Macapagaladministration. However, as Laurels puppet republic was formally rejected after  World War II  and none of its statutes or actions were considered legal or binding, it would be inaccurate to consider Laurel the successor of Osmena or vice versa. Laurel, the first and only President of the  Second Republic, had no predecessor and successor, while Osmena was Quezons successor and Roxas was Osmenas successor. Ferdinand Marcos  (1965-1986) was the President with the longest term (over twenty years) and the most reelections (four, counting the  1986 snap elections). He was first elected in 1965 to serve a four-year term. Since under the  1935 Constitution, a President may run for reelection but may not serve for more than 8 years, he was reelected in 1969, to serve until 1972. Before his term ended, however, he declared  Martial Law  in 1972, which allowed him to stay in power until it was lifted in 1981. In 1973, however, he called for aConstitutional Convention, which produced the  1973 Constitution, under which the President has a six-year term but has no limitation on reelection. In 1981, Marcos was reelected for the third time. He called for a  snap election  in 1986 to allay escalating public discontent, and was again proclaimed the winner. However, he was ousted shortly afterwards by theEDSA People Power Revolution. To date, he is also the last Senate President to be elected President of the Philippines (the first Senate President to be elected Philippine President was  Manuel L. Quezon, who served the second longest term (nine years, from 1935 until his death in 1944) and the second most number of reelections (he was reelected twice). ) Marcos’s successor was the Philippines’ first female President,  Corazon Aquino, installed as President by the  EDSA Revolution of 1986. The second female President is  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, also installed as President by the so-called  EDSA Dos  which ousted  Joseph Estrada. Estrada is now the first Philippine President to be tried and convicted of plunder committed during his term of office | | | |