Landscapes and Human Awareness of Identity in Brooklyn - Literature Essay Samples

The deliberate manipulation of textual form enables composers to showcase how an individual and social group’s awareness of identity is manufactured and shaped by their prevailing landscape. Colm Toibin’s bildungsroman novel Brooklyn (2009) exploits characterisation and form to detail the experiences of Irish immigrant, Eilis Lacey, as she interacts and navigates her primary landscapes of Enniscorthy and Brooklyn. Toibin deliberately imbues Eilis’ characterisation at the novel’s outset with passivity and acquiescence to demonstrate the stultifying effect of her conservative Enniscorthy environment. Furthermore, Toibin imbues the novel with parallel settings across Enniscorthy and Brooklyn to highlight how the vast dichotomy in societal identity stems from influences in the predominant landscape. Therefore, authorial choices regarding characterisation and form enable Toibin to showcase the reciprocal relationship between landscape and an awareness of the id entities of both individuals and social groups. Characterisation is a key vehicle through which composers communicate the impacts of the prevailing landscape upon an individual’s awareness of self. Toibin uses characterisation to frame Eilis as deliberately passive observer, a product of her stultifying upbringing in Enniscorthy. Opening the novel with an image of Eilis â€Å"sitting at the window†, Toibin describes her as she â€Å"noticed her sister† and â€Å"looked on silently†. These verbs, â€Å"noticed† and â€Å"looked on†, carry acquiescent, passive connotations, reflective of the static familiarity of her prevailing landscape of Enniscorthy. Initially, Eilis’ identity is centred upon her Irish upbringing, as she envisages herself â€Å"having the same friends and neighbours, the same routines in the same streets†. Anaphora of â€Å"same† Repetition of â€Å"same† allows Toibin to demonstrate that Eilis’ identity is largely based on the repetitiv e familiarity of her Enniscorthy lifestyle. The stultifying effects of her landscape impact severely upon her personal growth, as she thinks that the arrangements to go to America â€Å"would be better if they were for someone else, something the same age and size†. Toibin uses the conditional, â€Å"if†, to demonstrate that Eilis’ impending departure from Enniscorthy has brought an awareness of the inextricable link between her hometown and her identity. (ß Develop this point) Toibin features a shift in characterisation to further strengthen the link between place and identity as Eilis in Liverpool finds herself using â€Å"a tone Rose might have used†¦a tone used by a woman in full possession of herself†. She openly acknowledges that this â€Å"was not something she could have done† in Enniscorthy, with high modality tone highlighting her awareness of the shift in identity that accompanies her shift in landscape. Therefore Toibin’s manipulation of characterisation demonstrates the awareness of identity that arises upon Eilis’ habitation and departure from Enniscorthy. A composer’s deliberate manipulation of structure is a powerful tool for conveying how a self-perpetuating awareness of national identity stems from interactions between social groups and their predominant landscape. Imbuing Parts I and II with parallel settings of Miss Kelly’s shop and Bartocci’s, Toibin distinguishes Enniscorthy’s insularity and Brooklyn’s dynamism to highlight the comprehension of identity that stems from daily interactions with and within a landscape. Acting upon an awareness Enniscorthy’s classist social identity, Miss Kelly comments that â€Å"anyone who is anyone† shops at her store and reserves the best items â€Å"only for special customers†. Through such dialogue, Toibin intentionally presents her as the embodiment of Enniscorthy’s insularity and bigotry. In contrast, Miss Fortini makes the declarative statement that â€Å"we treat everyone the same†, indicative of the collective toleranc e and progressiveness that arises from living in a culturally diverse Brooklyn. Toibin dubs Miss Kelly’s shop assistant her â€Å"little slave†, a servitude metaphor highlighting Miss Kelly as a conscious perpetrator of Enniscorthy’s rigid class systems. Contrastingly after Miss Fortini states to Eilis her terms of employment, she asks, â€Å"Is that a deal?† This rhetorical question is a conscious offer of cooperation, an equality of opportunity extended in Brooklyn but not a socially immobile Enniscorthy. Miss Kelly curtly instructs Eilis to â€Å"be off with you now† upon the disclosure of her impending emigration, imperative demonstrating her intolerance for self-improvement. However, Miss Bartocci tells Eilis, â€Å"We encourage all staff to do night-classes†, her inclusive tone demonstrating that self-improvement is encouraged in Brooklyn, stemming from an awareness of the ideals espoused by the ‘American Dream’. Therefore parallel settings across Enniscorthy and Brooklyn, acting as a foil for one another, demonstrate how collective interactions with and within a prevailing landscape shape and perpetuate an awareness of the identity of entire social groups. Therefore, a culmination of authorial choices regarding characterisation and form in Brooklyn enables Colm Toibin to showcase the understanding of individual and societal identity that arises through interactions that occur throughout Eilis’ contrasting experiences of Enniscorthy and Brooklyn. Perhaps in using landscapes as a lens through which to scrutinise the protagonist’s transformation of self and place, Toibin is encourage audiences themselves to develop an awareness of how their own identity is shaped by their prevailing landscape.

Multicultural Concerns in Marriage and Family Therapy...

Multicultural concerns in marriage and family therapy: Asian-Americans Family counseling is not a value-neutral process. The counselor must be attenuated to the cultural assumptions of the family he or she is counseling, particularly if the family is from a culture different from his or her own. Asian-Americans have often been underserved by family counselors. This may be partially because therapy is not an ingrained and accepted part of many traditional Asian-American cultures. Particularly amongst members of an older generation who did not grow up in the United States, the assumption may be that entering into counseling is tantamount to being insane, being disloyal to ones family, being incompetent, or having weak will power...Therefore, it is very important for a counselor to be empathetic with clients in their discomfort, especially at the initial stage of treatment (Yea Sun et al 2005). Engaging with such discomfort rather than ignoring it is essential, lest the counselor be perceived as insensitive to the needs of the client. Other factors that can impede effective counseling of Asian-Americans include an internalization of the model minority myth, which views Asians as not needing additional support and counseling, as well as underrepresentation of Asian-Americans in the counseling profession as a whole. Of course, it is important to note that every family is unique, and different family members may perceive their culture in different ways, based upon theirShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Issues in the Helping Profession Essay3828 Words   |  16 Pagescultures. In this new era we live in, interracial marriages and relationships are becoming more customary than forty years ago. When the immigration policy changed allowing more Asians and Hispanics into the United States, the flood gates opened for interracial marriages between Asians and Whites and Hispanics and non-Hispanics (Rosenfeld). Nevertheless, interracial marriages continue to bring up significant disputes, especially marriages between blacks and whites. There are white people whoRead MoreSchool Guidance Counseling Group: When Parents Divorce Essay example2671 Words   |  11 Pagespsychological, social, behavioral and academic issues (Amato, 2000; Amato, 2001). Amato and Keith (1991) studied the welfare of children of divorce compared with that of children whose parents are still married to each other. Children from divorced families scored considerably lower on a range of outcomes and it was shown that these problems can persist into adulthood. 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Management Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management

When spectators see amazing skyscrapers or maybe a beautiful building, the first thing that they might think about would probably be how that building makes them feel and why it makes them feel a certain way. They might stop and think to themselves â€Å"man I wonder how much money went into this building†. Rarely, when people think about the people that sat in a conference room, at an oval shaped table for hours trying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. Management analysist are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, important documents, and hold important business conferences. Informing candidates about the educational requirements to be a successful management analysis, the daily job responsibilities they also have to encounter, and also ways for job advancement, such as a certified c onsultant programs. First thing first would be to learn about all of the educational requirements needed to be a successful consultant. â€Å"Entry-level management analyst positions, often in the public sector, are available to those holding at least a bachelor’s degree† (Be a Management Analyst). The minimum requirement to be a management analyst is a bachelor’s degree in any field but a business related field could be helpful when entering this field. After gaining a bachelor’s degree, others might choose to furtherShow MoreRelatedManagement Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management1449 Words   |  6 Pagestrying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. These people are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, they handle any important documents, and hold imp ortant business conferences. 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The main players within IPD are owners, architect, contractors, designers, sub-contractors, consultants and suppliers. Collaboration is key within Integrated Project Delivery (4). In order to create this type of building structure all parties involved must be willing to collaborate. When this happens the resultRead MoreThe Contract Administration Practices Between Turkey And United States1176 Words   |  5 Pagesrequisitions and payments, monitoring contract relationship, addressing contract-related problems, incorporating necessary changes or modifications in the contract, ensuring both parties meet each other s expectations, and interacting with the contractor to achieve the contract s objectives (Hinze, 2000). However, the actual contract administration practices differ between countries as influenced by various factors including socioeconomic status and cultural values. 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This includes reviewing project plans, accepting formal deliverables such as Quality Assurance Plans, Project Management Plans, Risk Management Plans, Test Plans, and Training Plans. Review contractor invoices for accuracy and completeness, and monitor contract balances to ensure there are no Management Analysis, Contractors, Architects, And Management When spectators see amazing sky scrapers or maybe a beautiful building, the first thing that they might think about would probably be how that building makes them feel and why it makes them feel a certain way. They might stop and think to themselves â€Å"man I wonder how much money went into this building†. Rarely when do people think about the people that sat in a conference room, at an oval shaped table for hours trying to make things come together. These people are CEO’s, management analysis, contractors, architects, etc. These people are the little people behind those astonishing buildings. Management analysist are important because they are the ones that handle the business’s money, they handle any important documents, and hold important†¦show more content†¦The minimum requirement to be a management analyst is a bachelor’s degree in any field but a business related field could be helpful when entering this field. After gaining a bachelorâ €™s degree, others might choose to further their education by getting a master’s degree or getting certified as a management consultant. Having this extra education can change the job possibilities a candidate might encounter. â€Å"This program provides a frame-work for the development of a full and well-rounded mastery of analytic skills for the management (or program) analyst, and commitment to self-improvement† (Certificate of Accomplishment). For those that take a certified course in graduate school increase their knowledge and gain experience about being a management consultant. When taking a course, it informs you about the work place and it also teaches about management analysis more in detail. This information is important for any person interested in obtaining information about the business management field. Meeting the right requirements is the first step in becoming an awesome management consultant, the second step would be to acknowledge what some of t he main job tasks are. Some job responsibilities a management analysis encounters on a daily basis would be to coordinate business events and prepare and legal/non-legal documents needed for upcoming company projects. â€Å"Plans, organizes, and coordinates various projects,

Work Experience free essay sample

In one way or another, all people work for the ultimate purpose of seeking a better life. My first job has taught me many lessons by introducing me to numerous situations that whether I liked it or not, gave me a taste of the real world. As most teenagers, my thoughts revolved around money. I was eager to see how quickly my money tree would grow and was curious to know how much I could buy with my very own, hard-earned money. Never would I have imagined that it would pay me in more ways than money, but with a much appreciated long-term life experience. Okay, so I’m working at the local Subway. You and everyone you know can call me a sandwich genius. I am on my feet the entire time I’m working, catering to the customers’ needs, and providing what I consider the utmost best customer service possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I greet each and every person with my 100 watt smile without fail, and seconds later the phrase, â€Å"how may I help you?† rolls off of my tongue without thought. Granted, I am only making minimum wage and I am fully aware that by asking what type of sub everyone must have to fulfill their needs is neither furthering my education nor helping me write this essay; however, working has exposed me to many experiences and responsibilities that I value more than any amount of money. The amount of responsibility I am constantly faced with can be overwhelming. This aspect of the job, though may seem small, has forced me to become comfortable in situations where there is high pressure, quick decision making, and people are obviously watching and judging me. The traits that I have gained during my first job experience will continue to help and follow me throughout the rest of my life as I seek a future career. Applying to Subway was just a means to my spending habit, but now I consider it just a mere and yet still significant stepping stone to the path towards my future.

Philippine Presidents free essay sample

The  Philippines officially known as the  Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia  in the  western Pacific Ocean. The Philippines is a constitutional republic with a  presidential system  of government. It is governed as a  unitary state  with the exception of the  Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao  which is largely free from the national government. The  President of the Philippines  is the  head of state  governing the country. According to the Philippine government, the office has been held by politicians who were inaugurated as  President of the Philippines  following the ratification of a constitution that explicitly declared the existence of the  Philippines Philippine Presidents, which are locally known as Ang Pangulo, are the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Philippine Presidents serve a term of six years in office. The President of the Philippines heads the Executive Branch of the government that includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The President of the Philippines is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Philippines has undergone many transitions in the government from the First Philippine Republic going to the Fifth Philippine Republic. Note that the Presidents under the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under United States sovereignty, and that of the Second Republic is considered to be a puppet government of the Japanese during World War II The country has had a total of fifteen Philippine Presidents. Below is the list of the Presidents of the Philippines. The  judicial  power is vested in the  Supreme Court, composed of a  Chief Justice  as its presiding officer and fourteen  associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President from nominations submitted by the  Judicial and Bar Council. There have been attempts to change the government to a  federal,  unicameral, or  parliamentary government  since the Ramos administration. In order to become informed participants in a democracy, students must learn about the women and men who make decisions concerning their lives, their country, and the world. The president of the Philippines is one such leader. As a nation, we place no greater responsibility on any one individual than we do on the president. Through these lessons, students learn about the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine president and their own roles as citizens of a democracy. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo . Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be considered the inaugural holder of the office. The president appoints, with consent of the Commission on Appointments, members of the Constitutional Commissions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in the President in the 1987 Constitution. The members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. These appointments do not need the consent of the Commission on Appointments. 1 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 2 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. 3 The president should provide leadership to the profession, the Board and the membership. He should also plan and chair Board and general meetings. To act as the main liaison between the Board and the executive director. General Emilio F. Aguinaldo. First President of the Republic of the Philippines. Aguinaldo’s presidential term formally began in 1898 and ended on April 1, 1901, when he took an oath of allegiance to the United States a week after his capture in Palanan, Isabela. His term also featured the setting up of the Malolos Republic, which has its own Congress, Constitution, and national and local officialdom proving Filipinos also had the capacity to build. Aguinaldo is best remembered for the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. Manuel L. Quezon. First of the Philippine Presidents of the Commonwealth. He won the elections held in September 1935 to choose the head of the Commonwealth Government. It was a government made possible by the Tydings-McDuffie Law, which Quezon secured from the U. S. Quezon’s term (1935 1944), though chiefly known for making Pilipino the national language, tried to solve nagging problems inherited from the Spanish and American administrations. The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the Japanese invasion of 1941. Quezon and his government were forced to go into exile in the U. S. He died on August 1, 1944, in New York. Jose P. Laurel. President of the Second Republic of the Philippines. He was elected by the National Assembly as President of the Republic on September 25, 1943 and inducted on October 14, 1943. This unicameral assembly was created through the sponsorship of the Japanese authorities. Sergio Osmena. Second President of the Philippine Commonwealth. He was elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1935 and succeeded Quezon to the Presidency in-exile. Manuel A. Roxas. Last of the Philippine Presidents of the Philippine Commonwealth. First President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He won the elections by a slim margin. He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U. S. government granted political independence to its colony. The short-lived Roxas administration (1946 1948) embarked on a course that resulted in what were considered as his greatest achievements, namely: the ratification of the Bell Trade Act; the inclusion of the Parity Amendment in the Constitution; and the signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. Roxas was not able to complete his presidential term; he died from a heart attack at Clark Air base on April 15, 1948. Elpidio Quirino. Second President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. Being the Vice President, he took over the Presidency after Roxas’ death. And, he managed to retain the position after winning over Laurel in the infamous fraud-tainted 1949 elections. The Quirino administration (1948 1953) focused on two objectives: 1) to regain faith and confidence in the government; and 2) to restore peace and order. He was more successful in the second objective – breaking the back of the Hukbalahap Movement in Central Luzon. Ramon Magsaysay. Third President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He was largely famous for his success in the peace campaign. He defeated Quirino in the 1953 presidential elections by an unprecedented margin of votes. Many regard Magsaysay as one of the Philippine Presidents whose heart truly bled for the common man. He toured the barrios, opened up Malacanang to the public, solicited and acted upon their complaints, built artesian wells and roads. He had Congress pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954, providing greater protection to tenants. Death came to Magsaysay when his plane crashed at Mount Pinatubo in the early morning of March 17, 1957. Carlos P. Garcia. Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines He presided over the eight months of Magsaysay’s remaining term and went on to win the 1957 elections, â€Å"the noisiest and the most expensive in Philippine history. † Garcia’s administration (1957 1961) was anchored in his austerity program. It was also noted for its Filipino First policy – an attempt to boost economic independence. Diosdado Macapagal. Fifth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Garcia in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961. Mapacagal – who styled himself as the â€Å"poor boy† from Lubao (Pampanga) – completed pre-law and Associate in Arts at UP; however, he was a law graduate of the University of Santo Tomas. Macapagal’s administration (1961 1965) is best remembered for resetting the date of the celebration of Philippine Independence Day – from July 4 when the U. S. turned over the reins of government in 1946 to the more correct date of June 12 when Aguinaldo declared independence in 1898. Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sixth and last President of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He defeated Macapagal in the 1965 presidential elections. And the two-decade era of Marcos (1965 1986) began. Marcos entered politics with an eye to eventually capturing the presidency. In his maiden campaign in 1949, he said: â€Å"Elect me your congressman now and I’ll give you an Ilokano President in 20 years. † He won that election and was returned thrice to Congress as Ilocos Norte’s congressman. In 1959, he was elected to the Philippine Senate and in 1963, he became its president. Completing the presidential term in 1969, he won a reelection . In 1972, he declared martial law. The rest, as the most infamous of Philippine Presidents is history. Corazon C. Aquino. First President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. First Woman among Philippine Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines. President from 1986 to 1992, she is associated with the EDSA Revolt. She refused to run for reelection in the 1992 presidential elections; but instead endorsed and worked very hard for her chosen candidate – Fidel V. Ramos. Fidel V. Ramos. Second President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. He was the military hero of the February 1986 Philippine People Power Revolution and victor of the first multiparty presidential elections in 1992, thus becoming the 12th President of the Republic of the Philippines. Joseph M. Estrada. Third President of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. As vice president, Estrada headed an anticrime commission from 1992 to 1997. In 1998 Estrada won the Philippine presidential elections. In October 2000 he became mired in a corruption scandal, however, and the House of Representatives impeached him in November. Estrada was forced from power on January 20. That day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant, effectively ousting Estrada from office, and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in as president. Gloria M. Arroyo. Fourth of the Philippine Presidents of the Fifth Republic of the Philippines. She is the incumbent President. She replaced deposed president Joseph Estrada midway through his six-year term. She is the 14th president of the republic and the second woman to hold the office. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino II   also known as  Noynoy Aquino  or  PNoy , is a  Filipino  politician who has been the  15th  and current  President of the Philippines  since June 2010. 3][5][6] Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather,  Servillano Mianong Aquino, served as a  delegate  to the  Malolos Congress;[7]  his grandfather,  Benigno Aquino, Sr. , served as  Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives  from 1943 to 1944;[8]  and his parents were Preside nt  Corazon Aquino  and Senator  Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the  Liberal Party. [9]  In the  Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President forLuzon. Aquino is currently the  Chairman  of the Liberal Party The line of Philippine Presidents is considered to be continuous in spite of many changes in  constitutions  and forms of government. While  Emilio Aguinaldo  is traditionally considered to be the first, and youngest ever, Philippine president, the revolutionary  Republica Filipina, formed after the  Philippine revolution, was not recognized by other states at that time (although it is now considered to be the first Southeast Asian republic). Following the  Philippine-American War, the United States created the  Philippine Commonwealth, supposed to be a transitional government in preparation for full independence. Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Commonwealth and the first Philippine President elected into office, was considered by the United States to be the first Philippine President of the first Philippine Republic. At one point, the Philippines had two presidents heading two governments at the same time. This occurred during  World War II, when Japan occupied the country. One president was  Manuel L. Quezon  heading the  Commonwealth  government-in-exile in America(considered  de jure) and the other was  J. P. Laurel, who had been instructed by Quezon to remain in Manila, heading the Japanese-sponsored republic (considered  de facto). Laurel, however, was not formally recognized as a Philippine president until the  Macapagaladministration. However, as Laurels puppet republic was formally rejected after  World War II  and none of its statutes or actions were considered legal or binding, it would be inaccurate to consider Laurel the successor of Osmena or vice versa. Laurel, the first and only President of the  Second Republic, had no predecessor and successor, while Osmena was Quezons successor and Roxas was Osmenas successor. Ferdinand Marcos  (1965-1986) was the President with the longest term (over twenty years) and the most reelections (four, counting the  1986 snap elections). He was first elected in 1965 to serve a four-year term. Since under the  1935 Constitution, a President may run for reelection but may not serve for more than 8 years, he was reelected in 1969, to serve until 1972. Before his term ended, however, he declared  Martial Law  in 1972, which allowed him to stay in power until it was lifted in 1981. In 1973, however, he called for aConstitutional Convention, which produced the  1973 Constitution, under which the President has a six-year term but has no limitation on reelection. In 1981, Marcos was reelected for the third time. He called for a  snap election  in 1986 to allay escalating public discontent, and was again proclaimed the winner. However, he was ousted shortly afterwards by theEDSA People Power Revolution. To date, he is also the last Senate President to be elected President of the Philippines (the first Senate President to be elected Philippine President was  Manuel L. Quezon, who served the second longest term (nine years, from 1935 until his death in 1944) and the second most number of reelections (he was reelected twice). ) Marcos’s successor was the Philippines’ first female President,  Corazon Aquino, installed as President by the  EDSA Revolution of 1986. The second female President is  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, also installed as President by the so-called  EDSA Dos  which ousted  Joseph Estrada. Estrada is now the first Philippine President to be tried and convicted of plunder committed during his term of office | | | |

How to break news to employees, Training Journal - Emphasis

How to break news to employees, Training Journal How to break news to employees, Training Journal Whether the message is good, bad or indifferent; now is no time for silence, says Rob Ashton. During the ancient wars, if you wanted to deliver a message you hired a messenger to hand over the scroll personally. But approaching enemy lines to pass on bad news was a high-risk job. The bearer of bad tidings is never popular and it wasnt unusual for the messenger to be killed out of rage. Delivering any news can be fraught with difficulties because you never know how the receivers will interpret it. But imparting news of recession-prompted change can place you right in the firing line. With the credit crunch still in full swing, workers have got used to a daily, media-delivered diet of layoffs, profit freefalls and horror stories of homeless executives living out of their briefcases. A climate of fear has spread throughout the business world. And many people have adopted the mantra that change is, quite literally, the enemy. But failing to update your team is a costly strategy. Employees are likely to become demotivated if they feel theyre out of the corporate loop. If a team cant turn to management when times get tough, they quickly begin to wonder if anyone is at the helm. The uncertainty may cause the best employees to submit their CVs to rival firms while others ride out the storm, vowing to jump ship once the outlook improves. The Association of Communicators in Business (CiB) have echoed this sentiment. They warned that organisations should redouble their internal communications efforts during uncertain economic times rather than putting them on the backburner. Broaching sensitive topics is never easy. But understanding your colleagues is to key to communicating effectively with them. Never be afraid to address the real issues, but communicate them in a style and manner that they will positively respond to. Whether the news is good, bad or indifferent, its got to be shared. Creating a culture of open communication, free of management speak, can make all the difference to company morale. Studies have shown that companies with high employee engagement levels have better financial performance. So, having an effective strategy for breaking news makes it more likely that youll emerge from the recession without nursing a lengthy corporate hangover. Communicating change Whatever industry you work in, the model for communicating change is the same. As soon as you know information, pass it on. Dont wait until you have every detail or your silence may breed distrust. And never communicate any information externally before youve told staff. Follow the six steps below to ensure that you are communicating strategically. 1) Explain the new direction In changing economic times, business goals have to be revised. Explain the direct impact of the recession on your industry and organisation and say what the firm will need to do to weather the storm. 2) Be honest and open Tell people about job or budget cuts as soon as possible, along with reasons and timescales. Having this open communication means that you need never worry about what youre telling people. 3) Create a vision Dont sugar-coat your message but paint a positive picture of the changes you are proposing. Be crystal clear about your message and its implications. 4) Keep communicating Keep up the information flow and make sure its two-way. Move quickly to correct any inaccurate information and make sure staff members fully understand the direction, vision and benefits of the news you are delivering. 5) Love the word change Energise the management team to make the word change the most positive word in the company. Explain to them the benefits of any changes and always associate positive emotional words with any changes. Constantly remind employees that change is not a one-off exercise. 6) Repeat the steps Changes will keep happening so repeat the steps as soon as any new information becomes available. Once people expect change, its a lot easier for them to deal with. The write way With up to 70 per cent of workplace communication taking place through writing, honing your writing skills can help you to break news with far more ease. By choosing your words wisely, you can help to calm your readers and energise them to embrace change. The first rule is to put people first. Remember that people act and react according to their own self-interest. So communicate news in terms of what employees want or what would benefit them, rather than focusing on the benefits to the organisation. Win over your readers by giving them information in the way they like to read it. For instance, you can still use your internal newsletter to explain the ins and outs of your corporate restructure, but make sure its format and style is appropriate to its readership. For example, if you know that the favourite magazines that your staff read are glossy celebrity weeklies such as Heat and Hello, you might want to create a question and answer type article or one that presents the information in bite size chunks. Information is much easier to swallow when its broken up. Just make sure that it still provides staff with the whole picture. Think of creative, interactive ways to communicate your news. The BBC internal communications team, for instance, uses Wikis. These two-way websites mean that as well as reading the content, employees can edit it and attach their own files. In addition, blogs and internet forums are a great way to share information. But if you feel a good old-fashioned report will say it best, make sure you include all of your recommendations or most important information at the beginning. No-one wants to wade through the corporate equivalent of War and Peace to get to the important stuff. Make sure that you translate information so that it is free from corporate speak. Leave phrases such as blue sky thinking and picking the low-hanging fruit well alone. Create rapport with your readers by using no-nonsense words and phrases that do exactly what they say on the tin. Simple is best. And dont be afraid to show your personality or inject life into your written communication. Your readers will thank you for it. Three steps to effective writing Before you put pen to paper, use the checklist below: Keep it short You may think that open, flowing communication needs to be wordy, but the opposite is true. Avoid flowery phrases and practise writing your sentences in the shortest, snappiest way. Aim for an average length of 15-20 words and stick to the rule of one sentence, one idea. Use active language Write We invested 130,000 in staff development last year, rather than last year an investment of 130,000 was made in staff development. The second version is livelier and easier to read because it says who before what. It also makes sure the company gets credit for the good things. Use verbs instead of nouns Make sentences shorter and easier to understand by choosing verbs over nouns We will consider proposals submitted by the end of July has more punch to it than proposals submitted by the end of July will be given consideration to. Email etiquette Email is best reserved for following up on face-to-face communication. If what you say affects peoples lives and jobs, allow a two-way dialogue to take place. Its also all too easy to send an email to the wrong person or dash off an abrupt angry message. If you wouldnt write it on a postcard, dont send it via email. Your email could end up being circulated far and wide with negative consequences. If youre just expanding on an already open dialogue, by all means send emails. But think carefully about what you put in the email subject box. Take inspiration from newspaper and magazine headlines and choose your words carefully. For instance, Now is no time for silence is much more effective than This months communication update. You can monitor who opens the emails, but its more difficult to measure how engaged people are with the contents. By honing your writing skills, you stand a better chance of connecting with your staff. 2009 Emphasis Training Limited, first British serial rights offered

International Business Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Assignment - Essay Example For instance, Ricarodo-Millian viewpoint indicated, not only did the United States make productivity gains by free trade with Eastern nations even the Eastern nations were able to improve their per capita income, though only up to a fraction of the United States’ per capita income. Moreover, free trading nations could harness the potential of each other’s strengths in exchange for weaknesses. This concept emerged from the way United States traded for certain products, like agricultural produce and manufacturing, with Eastern nations that had huge potential for production of these items, it also exported electronic and technical goods to the Eastern nations that were relatively less evolved in terms of those goods. Classical economics about free trade proposes that such trading actually nullifies all potential imbalances that would eventually follow increased trading between nations. As per Ricardian principles, unemployment is temporary. However, this temporary phase ca nnot be defined as the US labor force has been experiencing job losses for more than 3 decades, which started when the US started free trade with neighboring nations through the NAFTA during 1994 by outsourcing manufacturing jobs to Mexico (Iyer, 2005). This resulted in loss of more than 750,000 jobs in the US. Considering that the same scenario continued with other NAFTA members such as the Philippines, Canada, and some European countries. This resulted in an increased number of exports from these countries into the US, thereby addressing all their economic deficit issues. Following job losses in the manufacturing units of the US, even the service industry began outsourcing jobs to Eastern developing countries like India. This increased job losses for most of the IT and IT enabled service personnel in the US. These shifts in economics and labor markets from economics perspective resulted in bringing about balance between different nations in terms of growth, GDP and per capita inco me. Samuelson (2004) asserts that free trade has only lowered the labor-market by clearing real wages because the market moved to places with high supply of labor at lower wages. However, Giddens (2011) points out that the global electronic economy provides such opportunities to individuals at one corner of the world to actually shake up what once seemed as rock-solid economies. Globalization has pushed many economies downwards by pressurizing local autonomy, as incase of the US and European companies. Some economists believed that job losses would not render people of the rich countries to be idle, but would push them harder towards new inventions, which would benefit their economy. Although inventions have happened in the US, these inventions were insufficient to provide jobs for all jobless people; this further increased economic inequalities in rich nations, like the US, too. Free trade policies have undoubtedly improved living standards of most of the people in developing natio ns, which has thus resulted in an increase in consumption, costs, and demand for manufactured products, natural resources and agricultural produces. Most of the developing nations have liberalized regulations on foreign direct investment, which has given greater push for retailers to expand into newer